Cromwellian refers to the period of the English Commonwealth and Protectorate under Oliver Cromwell (1649--1660). Furniture from this era is generally characterised by sturdy construction, restrained decoration and practical design, reflecting the Puritan values of the time. Oak was the predominant timber, with simple panelled forms, turned legs and minimal ornamentation. Cromwellian furniture provides an important link between Jacobean and Carolean design.