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THE SHACKLETON FOX ENCYCLOPAEDIA

The Shackleton Fox Encyclopaedia

An A–Z guide to antiques, decorative arts & collecting terms.
A growing reference library designed to help collectors, interior designers and antique enthusiasts better understand objects, materials, makers, periods and craftsmanship.
ABOUT THE ENCYCLOPAEDIA

A trusted reference for collectors and connoisseurs.

Explore the language, materials and craftsmanship behind antiques and the decorative arts. Browse alphabetically, search for a specific term, or filter by subject. Each entry connects you to related definitions and broader areas of collecting knowledge.
A—Z
OBJECTS · MAKERS · MATERIALS · PERIODS
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The A–Z Reference Library

Fine Art & Artists

180 terms

A

Alfred Stevens

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Alfred Stevens (1817--1875) was one of Britain\'s most influential sculptors and designers of the Victorian period. Celebrated for his mastery of classical form, Stevens worked across sculpture, architecture, furniture and decorative arts. His best-known commission is the monument to the Duke of Wellington in St

Arthur Brett

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Arthur Brett & Sons is a distinguished British cabinetmaking company specialising in the restoration and reproduction of fine English furniture. Established in the twentieth century, the firm is internationally respected for its exceptional craftsmanship, traditional joinery and faithful interpretation of Georgian and Regency furniture. Their

Auböck

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Werkstätte Carl Auböck, commonly known simply as Auböck, is an Austrian design workshop founded in Vienna in the nineteenth century. Internationally recognised for its beautifully crafted brass, leather and bronze decorative objects, Auböck became one of the defining names of Austrian modern design during the

Auguste Moreau

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Auguste Moreau (1834--1917) was a distinguished French sculptor renowned for his finely cast bronze and spelter figures. Working during the late nineteenth century, Moreau specialised in elegant female figures, allegorical subjects and classical themes. His sculptures are recognised for their graceful movement, expressive modelling and

B

Baccarat

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Baccarat is one of the world\'s most prestigious crystal manufacturers, founded in 1764 in Baccarat, Lorraine, France. Internationally renowned for exceptional craftsmanship, Baccarat produces luxury chandeliers, lighting, stemware, vases, paperweights and decorative objects distinguished by their extraordinary clarity and brilliance. Antique Baccarat pieces are highly

Barbedienne

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Barbedienne refers to the celebrated French foundry established by Ferdinand Barbedienne (1810--1892), one of the finest bronze founders of the nineteenth century. The firm became internationally renowned for producing museum-quality bronze sculptures, decorative objects, clocks and furniture mounts using exceptional casting techniques and beautifully executed

Barker Ellis

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Barker Ellis is a respected British silversmith and manufacturer established in Birmingham during the early twentieth century. The company became renowned for producing high-quality silver-plated and sterling silver tableware, serving pieces, trophies and decorative household objects. Barker Ellis continues to be recognised for combining traditional

Bevan Funnell

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Bevan Funnell is a British furniture manufacturer established in 1946, renowned for producing high-quality reproduction furniture inspired by Georgian, Regency and Victorian designs. Crafted using traditional cabinetmaking techniques and premium hardwoods, Bevan Funnell furniture is admired for its craftsmanship, elegant proportions and attention to historical

Bilston Enamels

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Bilston Enamels are finely decorated enamelled objects produced in Bilston, Staffordshire, during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Crafted on copper and richly decorated with hand-painted floral designs, landscapes, portraits and sentimental inscriptions, Bilston enamels include patch boxes, bonbonnières, scent bottles, candlesticks and small domestic

Birmingham Guild

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

The Birmingham Guild of Handicraft was founded in 1890 as part of the British Arts & Crafts Movement, promoting traditional craftsmanship in metalwork, furniture, jewellery and decorative arts. Inspired by the ideals of William Morris and the Arts & Crafts philosophy, the Guild produced exceptional

Black & White Engravings

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Black & White Engravings are printed images produced by incising a design onto a metal plate or woodblock before transferring the image to paper using ink and a printing press. Widely used from the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries, engravings illustrate landscapes, architecture, portraits, sporting scenes,

Bohemia Glassworks

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Bohemia Glassworks refers collectively to the historic glass manufacturers of Bohemia, now within the Czech Republic, a region celebrated for producing some of Europe\'s finest glass since the sixteenth century. Bohemian glassmakers became renowned for crystal, engraved glass, coloured glass, chandeliers and decorative tableware distinguished

Botanical Prints

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Botanical Prints are artistic illustrations depicting plants, flowers, fruits and trees, created for both scientific study and decorative purposes. Popular from the seventeenth century onwards, botanical prints were often produced using copperplate engraving, lithography or hand-colouring, with many based on detailed botanical studies by renowned

Bowman Bronze

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Bowman Bronze refers to the finely cast bronze sculptures produced by H. Bowman Ltd, a British manufacturer active during the twentieth century. The company specialised in high-quality bronze figures depicting wildlife, sporting subjects, historical scenes and equestrian themes, often produced in limited editions. Bowman bronzes

Bradley & Hubbard

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Bradley & Hubbard was a renowned American manufacturer founded in Connecticut in 1852, becoming one of the leading producers of decorative lighting, metalwork and household furnishings during the Victorian and Arts & Crafts periods. The company is particularly celebrated for its oil lamps, table lamps,

Bronze Sculpture

Decorative ArtsFine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

A Bronze Sculpture is a three-dimensional work of art cast in bronze using traditional foundry techniques, most commonly the lost-wax casting process. Bronze has been favoured by sculptors for thousands of years due to its strength, durability and ability to capture exceptional detail. Antique bronze

Burmantofts Pottery

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Burmantofts Pottery was a distinguished ceramics manufacturer based in Leeds, England, operating during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Renowned for its richly coloured art pottery, architectural ceramics and faience, Burmantofts became closely associated with the Aesthetic Movement and Art Nouveau. Antique Burmantofts pieces

Bust

Decorative ArtsFine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

A Bust is a sculptural representation of a person\'s head, shoulders and upper chest, traditionally mounted on a pedestal or socle. Produced in materials including marble, bronze, terracotta, plaster and porcelain, busts have been created since Classical Antiquity to commemorate notable individuals, historical figures and

C

C.W.S. Cabinet Makers

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

C.W.S. Cabinet Makers refers to the furniture manufacturing division of the Co-operative Wholesale Society (C.W.S.), established during the nineteenth century to produce high-quality furniture and household furnishings for members of the Co-operative Movement. Their workshops manufactured a wide range of domestic furniture, often combining solid

Canvas

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & ManufacturersTextiles

Canvas is a strong woven fabric traditionally made from linen, hemp or cotton, used as a support for paintings. Introduced as an alternative to wooden panels during the Renaissance, canvas became the preferred surface for oil paintings due to its durability, flexibility and lighter weight.

Capodimonte

Ceramics & PotteryFine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Capodimonte is one of Italy\'s most celebrated porcelain manufacturers, founded in Naples in 1743 by King Charles VII of Naples. The factory became renowned for producing exceptionally fine soft-paste porcelain, including figures, tableware, floral sculptures and decorative objects inspired by Rococo and Neoclassical styles. Although

Carlton Ware

Ceramics & PotteryFine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Carlton Ware is a distinctive English pottery produced in Stoke-on-Trent from the late nineteenth century onwards. The factory became internationally renowned during the Art Deco period for its vibrant glazes, hand-painted decoration and bold designs inspired by fruit, flowers, Oriental motifs and modern geometric patterns.

Cartier

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Cartier is one of the world\'s most prestigious luxury houses, founded in Paris in 1847 by Louis-François Cartier. Internationally renowned for exceptional jewellery, watches, silver, objets d\'art and luxury accessories, Cartier has supplied royalty, aristocracy and discerning collectors for over 175 years. Antique Cartier pieces

Chamberlain Worcester

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Chamberlain Worcester was a distinguished English porcelain manufacturer established in Worcester during the late eighteenth century. The factory became renowned for producing high-quality porcelain decorated with richly coloured enamels, elaborate gilding and finely painted botanical and landscape scenes. Chamberlain Worcester supplied luxury tableware and decorative

Charcoal Drawing

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

A Charcoal Drawing is an artwork created using charcoal sticks or compressed charcoal on paper, valued for its rich black tones, expressive lines and subtle shading. Used since antiquity, charcoal became an essential medium for artists producing preparatory studies, portraits, figure drawings and landscapes. Antique

Chelsea Porcelain Factory

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

The Chelsea Porcelain Factory was one of England\'s earliest and most influential porcelain manufacturers, operating in London between approximately 1743 and 1769. Celebrated for its finely modelled figures, botanical studies, tablewares and decorative objects, Chelsea drew inspiration from both Continental European and Chinese porcelain traditions.

Chinese Painting

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Chinese Painting is one of the world\'s oldest continuous artistic traditions, characterised by expressive brushwork, harmonious composition and the integration of painting, poetry and calligraphy. Traditionally executed on silk or Xuan paper using ink and mineral pigments, subjects commonly include landscapes, birds, flowers, scholars and

Christofle

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & ManufacturersSilver & Metalwork

Christofle is a renowned French silversmith founded in Paris in 1830 by Charles Christofle. The company achieved international recognition for producing exceptional silver-plated and sterling silver tableware, cutlery, lighting and decorative objects, becoming a preferred supplier to European royalty, luxury hotels and prestigious ocean liners.

Classical Sculpture

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Classical Sculpture refers to works inspired by the art and ideals of Ancient Greece and Rome, celebrated for their harmonious proportions, naturalistic figures and refined craftsmanship. Produced in marble, bronze, terracotta, plaster and stone, classical sculpture has influenced European decorative arts for centuries, particularly during

Coalbrookdale

Decorative ArtsFine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Coalbrookdale refers to the renowned Shropshire iron foundry established during the eighteenth century, celebrated for producing some of Britain\'s finest decorative cast iron furniture, garden ornaments and architectural features. The foundry played a pivotal role during the Industrial Revolution and became internationally recognised for its

Crown Derby

Ceramics & PotteryFine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Crown Derby, now known as Royal Crown Derby, is one of England\'s most prestigious porcelain manufacturers, with origins dating back to the eighteenth century in Derby. Celebrated for its exceptionally fine bone china, elaborate gilding and richly coloured hand-painted decoration, Crown Derby produces tableware, paperweights,

D

Daum

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Daum is the renowned French glassmaker founded in 1878 in Nancy, France, celebrated for its exceptional Art Nouveau and Art Deco glass. Working alongside artists of the École de Nancy, Daum became internationally recognised for its innovative acid-etched, cameo and pâte de verre glass, often

David Linley

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

David Linley, now known as Linley, is the British furniture maker and luxury design company founded by David Linley (now Earl of Snowdon) in 1985. Internationally renowned for exceptional craftsmanship, precision marquetry and contemporary cabinet making, Linley produces bespoke furniture, decorative objects and interiors using

De Morgan

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

De Morgan refers to the work of William De Morgan (1839--1917), one of Britain\'s most celebrated ceramic artists and a leading figure of the Arts & Crafts Movement. Renowned for his richly coloured lustreware, hand-painted tiles and Islamic-inspired designs, De Morgan\'s work combines exceptional craftsmanship

Decorative Oil Painting

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

A Decorative Oil Painting is an original oil painting valued primarily for its aesthetic appeal and ability to enhance an interior, rather than solely for the reputation of its artist. Subjects commonly include landscapes, coastal scenes, floral studies, still lifes, portraits and architectural views, chosen

Decorative Print

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

A Decorative Print is a printed artwork intended primarily for display and interior decoration rather than as an original hand-painted work. Decorative prints include engravings, lithographs, etchings, botanical studies, architectural views, sporting scenes and reproductions of famous paintings. Antique decorative prints remain popular for their

Delphin Massier

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Delphin Massier (1836--1907) was a distinguished French ceramic artist and member of the renowned Massier family of Vallauris, celebrated for producing innovative art pottery during the late nineteenth century. Best known for his iridescent lustre glazes, sculptural ceramics and naturalistic forms inspired by plants, animals

Derby Crown

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Derby Crown refers to the Derby Crown Porcelain Company, which operated between 1877 and 1890 before receiving royal patronage and becoming Royal Crown Derby. The company produced exceptionally high-quality porcelain, renowned for its richly gilded decoration, hand-painted floral designs and finely crafted tablewares. Antique Derby

Derby Porcelain Factory

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

The Derby Porcelain Factory was one of England\'s most celebrated porcelain manufacturers, established in Derby during the mid-eighteenth century. Renowned for producing fine soft-paste porcelain and later bone china, the factory became famous for its beautifully modelled figures, richly gilded tableware, ornamental vases and hand-painted

Diptych

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

A Diptych is a work of art consisting of two panels designed to be displayed together, often connected by hinges or intended to complement one another visually. Originating in the ancient world and later becoming prominent in medieval religious art, diptychs have been used for

Doulton Lambeth

Ceramics & PotteryFine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Doulton Lambeth refers to the artistic stoneware produced at Doulton\'s Lambeth factory in London from the mid-nineteenth century onwards. Celebrated for its rich salt-glazed finishes, hand-incised decoration and distinctive artistic designs, Doulton Lambeth employed many accomplished artists whose work was individually signed. Antique vases, jardinières,

Drawing

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

A Drawing is an original work of art created using mediums such as graphite, charcoal, ink, chalk, pastel or coloured pencil on paper, vellum or card. Drawings have been used for centuries as preparatory studies, architectural plans, portraits, landscapes and finished works of art in

Dresden

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Dresden is synonymous with some of Germany\'s finest decorative arts, particularly the richly decorated porcelain associated with the city during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Although much of the porcelain was produced by nearby factories such as Meissen before being decorated in Dresden studios, the

Drypoint

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Drypoint is an intaglio printmaking technique in which an image is scratched directly into a metal plate using a sharp pointed tool, creating a raised burr that produces soft, velvety lines when printed. Unlike engraving, no acid is used during the process, resulting in a

Dunhill

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Dunhill, officially Alfred Dunhill, is the prestigious British luxury goods company founded in 1893, renowned for its finely crafted smoking accessories, lighters, pipes, leather goods and gentleman\'s travel accessories. Antique and vintage Dunhill pieces are particularly admired for their engineering, quality materials and timeless design,

Durand Glass

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Durand Glass refers to the distinctive American art glass produced by the Durand Art Glass Company of Vineland, New Jersey, between 1924 and 1931. Inspired by the iridescent work of Tiffany Studios and Steuben, Durand produced richly coloured vases, bowls and decorative glass featuring lustrous

Dutch School Painting

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Dutch School Painting refers to works produced by artists associated with the Netherlands, particularly during the Dutch Golden Age of the seventeenth century. Celebrated for their remarkable realism, mastery of light and meticulous attention to detail, Dutch School paintings commonly depict landscapes, still lifes, portraits,

E

Ecclesiastical Art

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Ecclesiastical Art encompasses works of art created for Christian churches, cathedrals, chapels and religious institutions. Including paintings, sculptures, stained glass, icons, carvings and liturgical objects, ecclesiastical art has played a central role in religious worship and architectural decoration for centuries. Antique ecclesiastical artworks are valued

Edward Barnard & Sons

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Edward Barnard & Sons was a distinguished London silversmith and goldsmith renowned for producing high-quality sterling silver throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The firm became particularly known for its elegant tea services, presentation silver, tableware and ceremonial pieces, combining traditional craftsmanship with refined

Edward Hald

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Edward Hald (1883--1980) was a pioneering Swedish glass designer who worked for Orrefors and became one of Scandinavia\'s most influential twentieth-century artists. Renowned for his engraved glass, Graal glass and innovative decorative techniques, Hald\'s work combined technical excellence with elegant modern design. His creations are

Edward William Godwin

Fine Art & ArtistsMakers, Designers & Manufacturers

Edward William Godwin (1833--1886) was an influential English architect and designer associated with the Aesthetic Movement. Best known for his elegant furniture inspired by Japanese design principles, Godwin created refined, minimalist pieces that departed from the heavy ornamentation of the Victorian era. His work had

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