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THE SHACKLETON FOX ENCYCLOPAEDIA

The Shackleton Fox Encyclopaedia

An A–Z guide to antiques, decorative arts & collecting terms.
A growing reference library designed to help collectors, interior designers and antique enthusiasts better understand objects, materials, makers, periods and craftsmanship.
ABOUT THE ENCYCLOPAEDIA

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Explore the language, materials and craftsmanship behind antiques and the decorative arts. Browse alphabetically, search for a specific term, or filter by subject. Each entry connects you to related definitions and broader areas of collecting knowledge.
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Furniture

286 terms

A

Adjustable Library Table

Country House & InteriorsFurniture

An adjustable library table is a versatile table designed for reading, writing and study, featuring a mechanism that allows the height, angle or position of the tabletop to be altered. Popular during the Victorian and Edwardian periods, these tables were commonly found in libraries, studies

Altar Table

Furniture

An altar table is a table traditionally positioned within a church or chapel to support sacred objects used during religious ceremonies. Antique altar tables are commonly crafted from oak, walnut or other hardwoods and may feature Gothic, Renaissance or Baroque carving, tracery and ecclesiastical ornament.

Amphora Austria

Furniture

Amphora Austria refers to the celebrated ceramics produced by the Amphora pottery works in Turn-Teplitz, Bohemia (now the Czech Republic), during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Best known for its Art Nouveau and Secessionist designs, Amphora produced highly decorative vases, figures and table

Armchair

Furniture

An armchair is a chair fitted with side supports or arms designed to provide greater comfort and support than a standard side chair. Armchairs have been produced in a wide variety of styles throughout history, from the carved oak chairs of the Tudor period to

Armoire

Furniture

An armoire is a large freestanding wardrobe originally designed for storing clothing, linens and household textiles. Originating in France during the Renaissance, armoires are distinguished by their substantial proportions, panelled doors and finely crafted interiors. Antique examples range from simple country oak pieces to richly

B

Bachelor\'s Chest

Furniture

A Bachelor\'s Chest is a compact chest of drawers originally designed for the home of a gentleman living alone during the Georgian period. Typically smaller than a standard chest, it usually features two short drawers above three or four graduated long drawers, often with a

Bachelors Bookcase

Furniture

A Bachelor\'s Bookcase is a compact bookcase designed for smaller homes, studies or apartments, particularly those occupied by single gentlemen during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Usually combining adjustable shelving with a lower cupboard or drawers, these bookcases offered practical storage while occupying minimal floor

Back Stool

Furniture

A Back Stool, also known as a Backstool, is an early form of chair featuring a simple upright back without arms. Popular from the seventeenth century onwards, backstools were commonly found in dining rooms, halls and country houses. They were often constructed from oak, walnut

Backstool

Furniture

A Backstool is an alternative spelling of Back Stool, commonly used in antique furniture catalogues and historical references. The term describes an early chair with a simple upright back and no arms, widely produced during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Backstools were commonly made from

Balloon Back Chair

Furniture

A Balloon Back Chair is a nineteenth-century chair distinguished by its rounded, balloon-shaped backrest. Introduced during the Regency period and becoming especially popular throughout the Victorian era, the elegant curved back provided both comfort and visual refinement. Balloon back chairs were commonly produced in mahogany,

Bamboo Furniture

Furniture

Bamboo furniture refers to furniture constructed either from natural bamboo canes or crafted to imitate the appearance of bamboo using hardwoods such as beech or maple. Genuine bamboo furniture became fashionable during the Victorian period following increased interest in Asian design, while faux bamboo furniture

Bank of Drawers

Furniture

A Bank of Drawers is a large storage cabinet comprising numerous drawers arranged in uniform rows. Originally used in workshops, libraries, pharmacies, museums and commercial premises, banks of drawers provided organised storage for documents, specimens, tools and small objects. Antique examples are commonly constructed from

Bar Back Chair

Furniture

A Bar Back Chair is a chair characterised by one or more horizontal rails forming the backrest. This practical and durable design became particularly popular during the Georgian and Victorian periods, especially for dining rooms, taverns and country houses. Bar back chairs are typically constructed

Barley Twist

Furniture

Barley Twist describes a distinctive spiral turning applied to wooden columns, legs and supports on furniture. Inspired by the twisting growth of barley stalks, this decorative feature first became fashionable during the seventeenth century and experienced revivals throughout the Victorian and Edwardian periods. Barley twist

Barrel Chair

Furniture

A Barrel Chair is an upholstered armchair distinguished by its curved, semi-circular back that wraps around the sitter, creating a barrel-like form. Originally introduced during the eighteenth century and refined throughout the Art Deco and Mid-Century periods, barrel chairs combine comfort with elegant proportions. Antique

Basket Table

Furniture

A Basket Table is a decorative occasional table incorporating a woven basket beneath the tabletop for storing magazines, sewing materials, newspapers or household items. Popular during the Victorian and Edwardian periods, basket tables were often crafted from mahogany, walnut or oak with wicker or cane

Bedside Cupboard

Furniture

A Bedside Cupboard is a compact cabinet traditionally placed beside a bed, usually fitted with a single cupboard door and occasionally a drawer above. Early examples were often lined with marble or zinc and included ventilation holes, reflecting their original purpose before modern plumbing. Victorian

Bench

Furniture

A Bench is a long seating piece designed to accommodate two or more people and has been used in homes, churches, halls and gardens for centuries. Antique benches range from simple farmhouse examples to richly carved hall benches, window seats and ecclesiastical pews. Commonly crafted

Bergère

Furniture

A Bergère is an upholstered French armchair with closed, upholstered sides and a loose seat cushion, developed in the early 18th century as a deep, comfortable seating form, particularly associated with Louis XV style.

Biedermeier Furniture

Furniture

Biedermeier Furniture refers to a distinctive style of Central European furniture produced between approximately 1815 and 1848. Originating in Germany and Austria, it is characterised by elegant simplicity, clean lines and beautifully figured veneers, particularly walnut, cherry and birch. Biedermeier furniture reflects a move towards

Blanket Chest

Furniture

A Blanket Chest is a large lidded storage chest traditionally used for storing blankets, linens, clothing and household textiles. Dating from the medieval period onwards, blanket chests were commonly crafted from oak, pine or walnut and often featured panelled construction, carved decoration or iron strapwork.

Blockfront Chest

Furniture

A Blockfront Chest is a chest of drawers distinguished by its projecting central section and recessed sides, creating an elegant serpentine profile across the drawer fronts. Popular during the Georgian period, particularly in England and America, blockfront chests demonstrate the advanced cabinetmaking skills of the

Book Trough

Furniture

A Book Trough is a low storage stand designed to hold books, newspapers or magazines in an upright position for easy access. Popular during the Arts & Crafts movement and early twentieth century, book troughs were commonly crafted from oak with hand-carved details or decorative

Bookcase

Furniture

A Bookcase is a cabinet or shelving unit designed for storing books while often displaying decorative objects. Antique bookcases range from simple open shelving to elaborate glazed examples with adjustable shelves, carved pediments and astragal glazing. Georgian, Victorian and Edwardian bookcases remain among the most

Boot Rack

Furniture

A Boot Rack is a practical storage piece designed for organising boots and shoes, traditionally found in entrance halls, boot rooms and country houses. Antique examples were commonly made from oak, cast iron, brass or wrought iron and often incorporated drip trays or raised rails

Bowfront Chest

Furniture

A Bowfront Chest is a chest of drawers featuring a graceful convex curved front, creating an elegant flowing profile. Popular during the Georgian and Regency periods, bowfront chests were commonly crafted in mahogany with fine veneers, brass handles and bracket feet. Their refined proportions make

Bowfront Sideboard

Furniture

A Bowfront Sideboard is a sideboard distinguished by its gently curved convex front, offering both generous storage and elegant proportions. Produced extensively during the late Georgian and Regency periods, bowfront sideboards were commonly crafted from mahogany with satinwood stringing, brass handles and classical detailing.

Breakfast Table

Furniture

A Breakfast Table is a small to medium-sized dining table originally intended for informal dining, particularly morning meals. Antique breakfast tables are often circular or oval and commonly feature elegant pedestal bases with tilt-top mechanisms, allowing them to be folded and stored when not in

Breakfront Bookcase

Furniture

A Breakfront Bookcase is a large bookcase in which the central section projects slightly forward from the outer sections, creating a distinctive architectural profile. Typically fitted with glazed upper doors and cupboards below, breakfront bookcases became highly fashionable during the Georgian and Victorian periods for

Buffet

Furniture

A Buffet is a sideboard or serving cabinet designed for storing tableware, linens and dining accessories. The term is most commonly associated with French furniture, where buffets range from simple provincial cupboards to richly carved Renaissance Revival examples. Antique buffets remain valued for their generous

Bureau

Furniture

A Bureau is a writing desk incorporating a hinged fall-front writing surface above a series of drawers. Opening the fall reveals pigeonholes, drawers and compartments designed for correspondence, stationery and personal documents. Popular throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, bureaux remain among the most recognisable

Bureau Bookcase

Furniture

A Bureau Bookcase combines a bureau writing desk below with a glazed or open-fronted bookcase above, creating one of the most practical and elegant forms of antique furniture. Particularly popular during the Georgian period, bureau bookcases often feature astragal glazing, carved pediments and beautifully figured

Bureau Plat

Furniture

A Bureau Plat is an elegant French writing desk with a flat rectangular top, drawers fitted beneath the writing surface and open legroom below. Traditionally finished with a leather writing surface, bureau plats became popular during the Louis XV and Louis XVI periods and remain

Butler\'s Tray

Furniture

A Butler\'s Tray is a removable serving tray, often fitted with folding sides, designed to sit on a folding stand for serving drinks, meals or refreshments. Antique examples were commonly crafted from mahogany, walnut or oak and remain highly popular as elegant occasional furniture.

Butterfly Table

Decorative ArtsFurniture

A Butterfly Table is a traditional gateleg table distinguished by its wing-shaped supports beneath the drop leaves, which resemble the wings of a butterfly when opened. Popular during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, butterfly tables offered a practical solution for flexible dining and entertaining, allowing

C

Cabinetmaker

Furniture

A Cabinetmaker is a skilled craftsman specialising in the design and construction of fine furniture using traditional woodworking techniques. Unlike a carpenter, whose work is generally structural, a cabinetmaker produces furniture, cabinetry and intricate joinery requiring precision, craftsmanship and artistic skill. Throughout history, cabinetmakers have

Cabriole Leg

Decorative ArtsFurniture

A Cabriole Leg is a distinctive furniture leg characterised by its graceful double curve, with the upper section curving outward and the lower section curving inward before terminating in a decorative foot. Originating in early eighteenth-century France and becoming highly fashionable during the Queen Anne,

Campaign Chest

Furniture

A Campaign Chest is a portable chest of drawers designed for military officers travelling throughout the British Empire during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Constructed in two sections for ease of transport and fitted with recessed brass carrying handles and protective corner brackets, campaign chests

Campaign Furniture

Decorative ArtsFurniture

Campaign Furniture refers to portable furniture designed for British military officers and colonial administrators during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Constructed to withstand travel, these pieces were often made from teak, mahogany or camphor wood and featured brass corner mounts, recessed handles and ingenious folding

Canterbury

Furniture

A Canterbury is an elegant open storage stand originally designed for holding sheet music, books or magazines. Introduced during the Regency period, Canterburys typically feature divided compartments, turned supports and are often fitted with a drawer beneath. Crafted from mahogany, rosewood or walnut, they remain

Card Table

Furniture

A Card Table is a folding or hinged table originally designed for playing cards and other parlour games. Particularly fashionable during the Georgian, Regency and Victorian periods, card tables often feature baize-lined playing surfaces concealed beneath beautifully figured timber tops. Fine examples display elegant veneers,

Carolean Chair

Furniture

A Carolean Chair is a chair produced during the reign of King Charles II (1660--1685) or inspired by the furniture of that period. Characterised by robust turned legs, carved stretchers, high backs and cane or upholstered seats, Carolean chairs reflect the influence of Dutch and

Carver Chair

Furniture

A Carver Chair is a dining or occasional chair fitted with arms, traditionally intended for the head of a dining table. Often more elaborately decorated than accompanying side chairs, antique carver chairs are found in styles ranging from Georgian and Victorian to Arts & Crafts

Cellarette

Furniture

A Cellarette is a decorative cabinet or chest designed for storing wine bottles, spirits and decanters. Popular during the Georgian and Regency periods, cellarettes were often lined with lead or zinc to help keep bottles cool and were commonly crafted from mahogany with brass carrying

Centre Table

Furniture

A Centre Table is a freestanding table designed to be placed in the centre of a room rather than against a wall. Popular during the Regency, Victorian and Empire periods, centre tables often feature highly decorative pedestal bases, carved supports and beautifully figured veneers. Originally

Chest

Furniture

A Chest is one of the oldest forms of furniture, consisting of a rectangular storage box with a hinged lid used for storing clothing, linens, valuables or household goods. Dating back to medieval times, antique chests were crafted from oak, pine, walnut and other hardwoods,

Chest on Chest

Furniture

A Chest on Chest, also known as a Tallboy, consists of two separate chests of drawers stacked vertically to maximise storage while occupying minimal floor space. Popular during the Georgian period, chest-on-chest furniture often features moulded cornices, bracket feet and beautifully figured veneers. Fine examples

Chiffonier

Furniture

A Chiffonier is a narrow side cabinet originally designed for storing linens, tableware and household items. Introduced during the Regency period and remaining popular throughout the Victorian era, chiffoniers often feature cupboards below with a raised shelf or mirrored back above. Crafted in mahogany, walnut

China Cabinet

Furniture

A China Cabinet is a glazed display cabinet designed to showcase fine porcelain, glassware, silver and decorative objects while protecting them from dust. Typically featuring glazed upper doors with cupboards or drawers below, china cabinets became particularly popular during the Victorian and Edwardian periods. They

Circular Dining Table

Furniture

A Circular Dining Table is a round table designed to encourage conversation by allowing all diners to face one another equally. Antique circular dining tables became increasingly popular during the Georgian and Victorian periods and commonly feature pedestal or tripod bases to maximise legroom. Their

Circular Library Table

Furniture

A Circular Library Table is a substantial freestanding table traditionally placed within a library or study for reading, writing and displaying books. Unlike dining tables, library tables often incorporate drawers around the frieze for stationery and documents. Antique examples were commonly crafted in mahogany, walnut

Circular Pedestal Table

Furniture

A Circular Pedestal Table is a round table supported by a single central pedestal rather than four legs. Popular from the Georgian period onwards, pedestal tables provide generous legroom while showcasing elegant turned columns and carved tripod bases. They remain versatile pieces suitable for dining

Clerks Desk

Furniture

A Clerk\'s Desk is a functional writing desk originally designed for office clerks, merchants and accountants. Typically featuring a sloping writing surface, multiple drawers and pigeonholes, clerk\'s desks were intended to organise correspondence, ledgers and business records efficiently. Antique examples reflect the practical craftsmanship of

Clothes Press

Furniture

A Clothes Press is a tall cabinet traditionally used for storing folded clothing, linens and household textiles. Early examples often incorporated sliding trays behind double doors, while later versions combined hanging space with drawers below. Georgian and Victorian clothes presses are admired for their elegant

Coffee Table

Furniture

A Coffee Table is a low table designed to be positioned in front of a sofa or seating arrangement, providing a convenient surface for books, drinks and decorative accessories. Although the term became popular during the early twentieth century, many antique occasional tables are now

Collector\'s Cabinet

Furniture

A Collector\'s Cabinet is a display cabinet specifically designed to showcase valuable collections such as porcelain, glass, silver, fossils, minerals, medals or natural history specimens. Antique collector\'s cabinets commonly feature glazed doors, adjustable shelves and finely crafted timber cases, allowing objects to be viewed while

Commode

Decorative ArtsFurniture

A Commode is a decorative chest of drawers, traditionally featuring two or three long drawers and often displaying elegant serpentine or bombe fronts. Originating in France during the late seventeenth century, commodes became highly fashionable throughout the Georgian, Regency and Victorian periods. Fine examples may

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